Hawthornes Puritanical Beliefs Revealed in The Scarlett...

Hawthornes Puritanical Beliefs Revealed in The Scarlett Letter and Young Goodman Brown When an author depicts a person or group of people in his or her work, the opinion of the writer most often sifts into the descriptions, whether intentionally or unintentionally. Some writers are very guarded regarding their feelings toward any particular subject, while others are very open and happy to share. Nathaniel Hawthorne belongs to the latter group. The purpose of the majority of his literary work was to share his view of the group of strict Christians known as the Puritans. Hawthorne himself was a direct descendent of Puritans, and he obviously held very particular views of his ancestors. These views are clearly demonstrated in his works†¦show more content†¦Is there not law for it? Truly there is, both in the Scripture and the statute book....(1333). E. A. Duyckinck says that Hawthorne has...in this volume, great feeling and discrimination, which is exactly what the reader sees concerning his views on unfair judgement. By the harsh language of the women, he clearl y demonstrates the opinion that he has consumed a large part of his writing subject matter. The women speak of the Scripture and its laws, yet completely ignore many different passages of the same Scripture that specifically command Christians to refrain from judging each other. This is the same hypocrisy that ran through the entire strain of Puritan society. The Scripture also says in Romans 3:23 that all have sinned and come short of the glory of God... This is another well quoted verse of Scripture. Hawthorne kills two birds with one stone as he brings the Reverend Mr. Dimmesdale to appeal to Hester in a public attempt toward a break in secrecy. Dimmesdale says to her, as the rest of the town looks on, ...I charge thee to speak out the name of thy fellow-sinner and fellow sufferer! (1342). Hawthorne not only shows the hypocrisy of Dimmesdale, as he is in fact that

Tesco Online Marketing Research in Thailands Markets

Assignment 1 – 50% Marketing Research Proposal – Individual Assignment Tesco-Online Thailand’s Failure to Penetrate Thai Markets Marketing Proposal Student Name: Weerapat Bhattharadheerakul Student ID: S00805162 Course Title: Digital Marketing Research Instructors Name: Gabriella Kerezturi Regent’s University London November 2014 Content Page Title Page 1 Table of contents 2 Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction 4 a. Industry Overview 5 b. Organisational Background 5 c. Business Objectives 5 d. Problem Statement 5 e. Research Aim and Objectives 6 2. Research Methodology 6 f.†¦show more content†¦Makro, a whole sale retail outlet holds 16% of the market share (Jitpleecheep, 2014: Appendix B). The retail industry of Thailand accounts up to 1.4 trillion baht, which is close to 27 billion pounds. 40% of 1.4 trillion baht is from the modern trade which incorporates the major hypermarkets and their online shopping websites (Appendix C). It is expected that over time, the market of the retail industry is to grow by 3% to 5% each year, thereby a consistent competition is expected for Tesco Lotus and Big C super centres. In terms of online market, the global online grocery sales accounted for only 4% of all food retailers (Mintel, 2014; Appendix D). The internet has indeed penetrated greatly into Thai consumers. Currently over 31% of the consumers use the internet, with majority of them being within the age group of 15 to 29 years old (Appendix E). It is easily anticipate that consumers are continue to increase wit h internet usage rates thereby opening up a market for selling grocery items for online users. By 2012, Nielsen (2011) states that the e-commerce business in Thailand would reach close to 9 billion Baht which is approximately 173 million pounds. A research conducted by Kasikorn Thai Research (2012), a leading commercial bank in Thailand, suggested that a gain in 5% is expected each year for this market. This opens up opportunities for hypermarkets to take their markets online. b. Organisational Background Tesco LotusShow MoreRelatedTesco International Management9662 Words   |  39 PagesQuestion 1: YIP’s drivers of globalisation framework 3-9 †¢ Market 5 †¢ Cost 6-7 †¢ Government 8 †¢ Competitive 9 Question 2: Thailand / Korea / Japan 10-16 †¢ Entry Strategy 11 †¢ Brand Management 12-14 †¢ Politics/ Economy 15-16 Question 3: Fresh Easy Neighbourhood Markets 17-23 †¢ Macro Assessment 18-20 o Risk in foreign markets 18-19 o Economic Recession 19 Read MoreThailand Economic Analysis Essay6406 Words   |  26 PagesI. INTRODUCTION Thailands economy is defined by more than a decade of continuous and rapid economic growth starting in 1985, followed by a brutal recession that started near the end of 1997. During the boom years, economic growth averaged more than 7 percent annually, one of the highest rates in the world. Many different factors added to the rapid growth of Thailands economy; low wages, policy reforms that opened the economy more to trade, and careful economic management resulted in low inflationRead MoreMilo Thailand Marketing Plan6582 Words   |  27 Pageshad triumph the position and become market leader in the segment. With the nature of Nestlà © that utilize generic marketing strategy such as cost leadership in business, the company is currently struggling hard time finding the competitive advantage for Milo, when it comes to face to face with its main rival, Ovaltine. The main objective of this marketing plan is to provide useful of marketing strategies, explanation and sales forecast to mak e Milo become the market leader in Thailand. Models and conceptsRead MoreMaster Thesis Logistics Management in Retail Industry26467 Words   |  106 Pagesyou for the supports from our families and friends. To your pull and push, your critiques and humors, and for those valuable views and opinions during our research, we are grateful. Furthermore, we would like to express our gratitude to all our respondents who spent their valuable time answering our questions. Without their cooperation, our research would not be completed. June 1, 2009, Jà ¶nkà ¶ping _________________ Latika Supasansanee ___________________________ Patthaveekarn Kasiphongphaisan Read MoreDtac Business Analysis38421 Words   |  154 PagesInternational Marketing Master Thesis International Marketing (EF0705) Parunya Vanasakul Ploychompoo Wankeao Supisra Arayaphong (830422) (850418) (831102) Tobias Eltebrandt The battle of DTAC in Thailand’s mobile phone operator market How can DTAC gain higher market share by focusing on customers in Bangkok? The purpose of this research is to investigate, analyze current competition between DTAC and other competitors with customer insight in order to find out the possibility for DTAC to gain more market shareRead MoreDtac Business Analysis38437 Words   |  154 PagesInternational Marketing Master Thesis International Marketing (EF0705) Parunya Vanasakul Ploychompoo Wankeao Supisra Arayaphong (830422) (850418) (831102) Tobias Eltebrandt The battle of DTAC in Thailand’s mobile phone operator market How can DTAC gain higher market share by focusing on c ustomers in Bangkok? The purpose of this research is to investigate, analyze current competition between DTAC and other competitors with customer insight in order to find out the possibility for DTAC to gain more market share

Research Methodology - Systemic Investigation into a Subject

Question: Describe about the Systemic Investigation into a subject using various sources to establish facts as well as reach conclusive points? Answer: Introduction Research can be described as a Based on research, existing knowledge databases are increased or Systemic Investigation into a subject using various sources to establish facts as well as reach conclusive points. improved to arrive at newer applications to cater to the objective of the research. The objective can vary from theorizing a hypothesis or supporting an already established fact to negating a theory that no longer explains a phenomenon. In certain cases where the objective is to develop insights into a project by testing the validity of processes used in the original project, an element or the project as a whole is simulated (R. K. 2013). The research begins with the identification of the research problem that subsequently is followed by formulation of specific questions about research. Base on this a method or multiple methods appropriate to the task are selected, and data is collected using the chosen technique/ techniques (R. F. 2011). The final step of the research processes characterized by refining the data to eliminate the redundancy, and retain the promising data so that a conclusion can be arrived. The findings of the research are then communicated or in some cases, recommendations are also drafted for a possible strategy/ theory (J. W. 2013). Literature Review A literature review can be described as a scholarly work in text form that is produced using the current knowledge base citing intriguing findings as well as theoretical citations about a particular topic. This method is largely a secondary research method and does not produce original work in any form or a factual piece of research. It is more identifiable as a subjective and guideline imparting work that supports an already established theory/ method or fact. The basic purpose of literature review is to support an already stated scholarly work so that a new research project incidental to the work can be proposed effectively. Strengths and Weaknesses of Literature Review Literature review holds high value in gauging the status of research in the chosen field by the researcher. When a research team selects a subject to research on, a Literature review helps to determine the level of research that has already been conducted in the field so that the existing knowledge base can be built. Based on the literature review, a research can identify the key experts on a particular subject. When the researcher explores the articles for the literature review, the writer who has the maximum amount of contribution on particular subject can be identified as experts and can be reached out to in case of consultation needed on a subject (Z. 2013). The literature review also helps in extracting the right questions that a research needs to answer. Much research papers/ literature review shed light on few questions that lay the stepping-stones of the next natural question. Building on this cascade, a definitive question can be arrived that get improved by the level of existing research in the field (C. 2013). However, literature review has many disadvantages attached to it with the major one being its incompleteness. The literature review cannot be taken as a concrete foundational block for any decision or research as it is based on the subjectivity of the individual rather than objective, substantial data. This data has been perceived to be relevant and irrelevant materials making the research lackluster in its appeal. Many times literature review is based on the scholarly material that is likely obsolete which renders to review useless for further use for its prospective reader. Also, literature review is limited by the amount of prior research data on the subject. If the subject is thoroughly covered and researched upon, chances of creating a strong literature review are high while the review weakens with less prior work in the field. Access to the relevant data also assumes greater importance even if the researcher in the field finds extensive work being already done to build on. Suitability of literature review A literature review finds extensive applications in research projects that are largely limited by their size and scope. Any project while does not hold substantial value does not attract investments, which makes a literature review a cost effective method of reinforcing a fact by the research team. Collaborating parts from various researches that form a conclusive material can improve the existing database. A literature review has also been identified as instrumental in case of a field of experimentation/ research that has been thoroughly covered and hence with the present set of resources no change to the database can be made. A number of relevant sources increase the applicability of literature reviews as the quality improves. Also in organizational parlance when the research is solely aimed at arriving at a guideline than an elaborated fact list, literature review holds high preference. In such cases, the most effective way to deliver a conclusive work is literature review, as with the time and resources, no other research method seems efficient. Another area where literature review has extensive application is where the decision or conclusion is largely independent of the research to be conducted (J. A. 2012). Generalizability of results of literature review The scope of the literature review is limited in nature as a result of which it cannot be generalized in the true sense. The reason for limitation of literature review lies in the nature of the research methodology- secondary. As the data used in a literature review is secondary, the relevance, as well as, genuineness of the source is unknown. Another limitation of the literature review that does not allow generalization is that no new experiment or project to negate or support theory is conduced which weakens the case for literature review. The review has also been perceived as highly subjective in nature as a result of which the application of the review is limited by the extent of the grasp of the writer on the matter and the recommendations that he introduced thereof. For the generalization of the research methodology, it should exhibit consistency in the results where it is applied and since literature review varies from individual to individual, the results also obtained exhibi t such characteristic (Bell, E. 2015). Issues of using literature review One of the major issues associated with literature review is the access to quality information to the researcher. In most cases, the material required for literature review is not electronic and hence limited to physical libraries separated by geographies that make the access practically impossible. This leads to usage of alternate material for literature review that can altogether change the direction of the research. Ethical considerations also cloud literature review as the individual can introduce facts that are misleading in nature and can result in misguiding the reader of the review. The quality of literature review is also dependent largely on the subjectivity of individual/ team as the selection of articles/ work can be both constructive and redundant in nature (J. W. 2013). In some instances literature review has been found to be biased for an element in the review that appeals to the individual/ team working on the review. This can lead to results that are infected by biasing hence yield weak scholarly work. The dilemma between usage of quantitative work or qualitative work also looms large in case of the literature review that results in a wide spectrum of findings/ results of literature review (E. 2013). Interview The interview is a qualitative research method where an interviewer or a group of interviewer asks questions from people to extract facts or statements from them. It is a primary research method and has found its used in various research contexts. The subjects have different comprehension for different individuals that make the substratum of an interview. Understanding the meaning of the statements made by the interviewee is the main task of any interview (J. 2015). An interview is an intern man interaction and is deemed to be a far more personal form of research than any other methodology. Unlike the mailing or questionnaire form of research, an interview opens the window for communication and consequent probing. The interview is particularly very easy for the interviewees point of view if the objective is mapping the opinion of the subject. Although interviews are time-consuming and resource taxing, they are the only research methodology that can unravel thin facts and insights in a field of study. The chances of conflicts are also reduced considerably in an interview as all the miscommunications are accounted for and cleared on the spot (S. B. 2014). Strengths and weaknesses of interview method One of the key identifiable strength of interview method is the level of details that can be revealed through it. The interview can give the exact picture of a specific event or thought process in an interview as well as give other cues to the interviewer. Indications such as voice, tone, body language and emotional balance at each answer of the interviewee can give an added dimension to the interviewer that is almost impossible with any other research method. These hidden details of the answers of the interviewee can deliver the correlation between objects, elements and people in a lucid manner. Another key advantage of this method is that it can be tailored to suit a particular respondent to extract the exact information required for the project at hand. More illustrations regarding the statements made and clarity on the facts exhibited by the respondent can be easily accommodated in an interview. Interviews can also aid in creating a better version of a report as the comprehension of the researcher improves with an interview form of research (A. 2012). However, interview method has some inherent weaknesses with the major one being the arrangement of an interview. The people required as interviewers are hard to find, and so is the time, place and venue of interview. Another major weakness of interview is that the method is very hard to administer by the interviewer. During the interview, the interviewer has to make the interviewee feel comfortable, focus on the questions that need to be asked and at the same time observe the non verbal communication. A common consequence of many interviews is the missing data that makes it difficult for the researchers to compare populations used for the research. An interview although reveals more than what is required but can often miss crucial information (Y. S. 2011). Suitability of the interview method Interview method finds extensive use in many situations with the prominent one being a topic that requires opinions rather than factual data. Businesses, operations or theories that are related to human interactions and opinions have large application of interview method for further extrapolation of the established theories. For instance, in knowing the preferences of the citizens of U.K. while opening a new restaurant chain can be easily determined using interview method as the details required can only be known using this method (M. 2012). In situations where the data required is highly qualitative in nature, interview method finds applications. An example of such situation is phenomenon such as paranormal activity that has not found any data at all and still is guided by the perceptions of the experts on the matter (H. (2011). Also, in a situation where the requirements include determination of personalities or any other demographic factor, interview method is a reliable method. In such cases the responses given by the respondents acts as cues for the research team to work on, as quantitative data cannot explain the effects. An example to support this application is a research to know the consumer behavior of an area by an e-commerce can be done using interview method (R. (Eds.). 2013). Generalizability of results obtained using interview method The results obtained using interview method can be generalized depending on various factors about the interview. One of the most important factors that determine the extent to which an interview result can be generalized is the sample size of interview. If the sample size is large enough the results obtained can be easily generalized while if the sample size is small, the results remain inconclusive. The representation of every kind of respondent in the interview method also affects the generalization of the outcome of the method. If the sample chosen is representative in nature the results can be fairly said to be a fact (A. 2014). Another factor that determines the generalization of the method is the relevance of questions being asked in an interview. If the questions are very different and are not relevant to the subject at hand, generalization is not possible in this case (A. 2012). Issues using interview method Interview method has always been accompanied by many bottlenecks in its successful administration. The foremost issue that interview method has is the resource availability. Resources such as human resource for interviewing and question preparation, decoding the responses and arranging the interview are needed in interview method that makes it a difficult method to administer. Another issue the affects the outcomes of this research is bias. Since interview is a human interaction, the chances of personal biases affecting the judgments is very high which defeats the purpose of the research and renders the data collected useless (J. 2014). The issue of ethics also affects this method since the faithfulness of the process is up to the discretion of the interviewer. For the correct representation of the population sample size selection also forms a key issue as the perception of an adequate sample size is very subjective in nature and moreover larger sample sizes are very difficult to administer (A. 2013). Conclusion In conclusion it can be said that no method is perfect in nature and the selection of one methodology over another depends on the situation where the method has to be applied. Selection of research techniques is a tradeoff where it is chosen for its advantages and the accommodation of disadvantages that a particular situation provides. Literature review is an easy and resource optimized method of research where the researches are substantially based on existing data rather than new experiments (D. M. 2014). This method is largely applicable in situations where data present is sufficient to draw insights from for a particular subject. This method however cannot be generalized due to its large dependency on the sources of error such as human discretion (I. 2013). Interview method on the other hand is required in situations where the focus on the opinions and thought process of the respondents forms great importance. This method is, however, difficult to administer and analyze and can vary from one individual to another. However in interview method, the generalization is possible if all the factors responsible are for generalization such as large population size, representativeness of the sample and competent interviewer and overall research team (D. 2013). References 1. Nuttin, J. (2014). Future time perspective and motivation: Theory and research method. Psychology Press.2. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., Ormston, R. (Eds.). (2013). Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage.3. Corbin, J., Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage publications.4. Silverman, D. (2013). Doing qualitative research: A practical handbook. SAGE Publications Limited.5. Seidman, I. (2013). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences. Teachers college press.6. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.7. Maxwell, J. A. (2012). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach: An interactive approach. Sage.8. Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S. (2011). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. Sage.9. Merriam, S. B. ( 2014). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley Sons.10. Willig, C. (2013). Introducing qualitative research in psychology. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).11. Mertens, D. M. (2014). Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Sage Publications.12. Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods. Oxford university press.13. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.14. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015). Business research methods. Oxford university press.15. Thomas, J. R., Silverman, S., Nelson, J. (2015). Research Methods in Physical Activity, 7E. Human Kinetics.16. Yin, R. K. (2013). Case study research: Design and methods. Sage publications.17. O'Leary, Z. (2013). The essential guide to doing your research project. Sage.18. Stirman, S. W., Kimberly, J., Cook, N., Calloway, A., Castro, F., Charns, M. (2012). Th e sustainability of new programs and innovations: a review of the empirical literature and recommendations for future research. Implement Sci, 7(17), 1-19.19. Fink, A. (2013). Conducting research literature reviews: from the Internet to paper. Sage Publications.20. Rubin, A., Babbie, E. (2013). Brooks/Cole empowerment series: Research methods for social work. Cengage Learning.21. Schiavetti, N., Metz, D. E., Orlikoff, R. F. (2011). Evaluating research in communicative disorders. Pearson.22. De Vos, A. S., Delport, C. S. L., Fouch, C. B., Strydom, H. (2011). Research at grass roots: A primer for the social science and human professions. Van Schaik Publishers.23. De Castro, A. (2011). Introduction to Giorgi's existential phenomenological research method. Psicologa desde el Caribe.24. Pickard, A. (2012). Research methods in information. Facet publishing.

New Jersey and Pennsylvania free essay sample

An Advanced Practice Nurses are nurses who has completed graduate level training (masters in nursing or Doctorate in Nursing). They take history, perform physicals, order and interpret diagnostic tests. They treat mental and physical conditions. NPs identify diseases and give treatments, including prescribing medications. They can operate as primary providers and treat patients of different ages, depending on their specialty (pediatrics, adults, geriatric etc). This is a comparison of Pennsylvania and New Jersey rules, regulations and practice environments for advanced practice nurses. According to the International Council of Nurses, an APN is a â€Å"registered nurse who has acquired the expert knowledge base, complex decision-making skills and clinical competencies for expanded practice, the characteristics of which would be determined by the context in which he/she is credentialed to practice† (December 2011). In the United States, the NPs can be nationally certified in areas of practice, but their profession is state regulated, therefore the scope of practice and care provided by NPs varies widely from state to state. We will write a custom essay sample on New Jersey and Pennsylvania or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Scope of Practice of Advanced Practice Nurse. Minimum requirements. In Pennsylvania, Registered Professional Nurse may become certified in area of specialty as Certified Registered Nurse Practitioner after completing masters or post-masters nurse practitioner program approved by Pennsylvania Board as similar to that certification. The nurse must have a current certification in the area of expertise and have professional liability insurance. A nurse licensed as a nurse practitioner by another states or country can apply for certification by endorsement in PA, but is required to hold a certification in the specialty area in which the nurse is looking to certify in PA State. Certified Registered Nurse Practitioner (CRNP) is a professional licensed in the state of Pennsylvania, certified by the Board in area of specialty and holds a current national certification. Nurse may not practice if the nursing license is inactive, lapsed, expired, revoked or suspended. The Pennsylvania Code, 2012). New Jersey holds similar requirements within its nursing regulations. APN has to graduate from accredited program and successfully complete examination from a national agency , has to have an RN license and obtain a certification as an Advanced Practice Nurse. The requirements are similar: a master’s degree in nursing or certification program offered as post masters study with focus on an advanced practice and particular specialty. The education has to be completed within two years prior to recording of application. It has to include minimum of 39 hours related to pharmacology with 6 of them connected to controlled medications and addiction prevention. (New jersey Administrative Code Title 13). What is needed to maintain the license? According to Pennsylvania Code 21, CRNP’s certification and prescriptive authority approval expires along with registered nurse license on biennial basis. The CRNP is required to: pay the required renewal fee, maintain a nursing license and have at least 30 hours of approved ongoing education within the 2 years before renewal date. An hour of continuing education is 50 minutes and it is provided by nursing, medical and pharmaceutical organizations. CRPNs may receive a continuing education credit for correspondence and independent courses, up to 4 hrs for teaching, precepting, and lecturing, and for publishing work in a professional journal. It is noted that the Board can disregard the required continuing education in case of sickness or adversity, but the request for the waiver has to be provided within 90 days before the end of the licensing cycle. Inactive status CRPNs do not have to obtain continuing education hours during the period of inactive status. In order to renew prescriptive authority, CRNP has to complete no less than 16 and up to 30 hours of continuing education in pharmacology (within each 2 year cycle). New Jersey law also requires biennial certificate renewal which coincides with registered professional nurse licensure renewal, but inactive status requires meeting biennial continuing education at the time of reinstatement. Prescriptive Authority CRPN may prescribe and dispense drugs in Pennsylvania if he/she completed 45 hours of advanced pharmacology course work within their training, and completes at least 16 hrs of continuing education related to pharmacology in each 2 year period. CRPN also has to observe standards set by the Medical State Board in relation to controlled medications and the PA Department of Health. CRNP is required to maintain DEA registration number. A CRNP can prescribe and dispense drugs within the practice area, but annot prescribe under any circumstances medication such as gold compound, radioactive or oxytocic agents. CRNP can prescribe Schedule II controlled substances (up to 3 day supply) and has to notify collaborating physician with 24 hrs of such decision. CRNP can prescribe Schedule III or IV medications for up to 30 day supply. CRNP cannot in state of Pennsylvania, write prescription for a Schedule I controlled medications and drugs which are not accepted by the Food and Drug Administration in the US. CRNP may write prescription orders on prescription blanks, or give them verbally. Collaborative agreement, signed between a CRNP and a cooperating physician contains agreement to the particulars of the care of the CRNP patients and includes prescribing drugs. New Jersey also addresses medication administration, but not is such details as Pennsylvania law. It allows advance practice nurse to prescribe, dispense and order medications and †devices† in agreement with protocols developed between advance practice nurse and collaborating physician and standards of practice. The APN can only use New Jersey prescription blanks and is required to write medication quantity in words in case of controlled dangerous substances. APN is required to obtain and maintain both, a federal DEA number and a state-controlled dangerous substance number. APN is required to complete once in a lifetime, a 6-hour course on controlled substances and their prescribing. (Legislative Update, 2012). Practice and Collaboration agreement According to the Pennsylvania Code, CRPN may work in partnership only with a physician who is currently holding a license to practice in this state. CRPN can practice as a team with a physician as it is agreed in a written agreement, in the limits of CRNPs license. In Pennsylvania a CRNP can: carry out broad patient assessments , including disability assessments, determine medical diagnosis, order, perform, supervise and interpret diagnostic tests ( within the CRNP specialty and collaborative agreement),order referrals and consultations, develop therapeutic plans of care, perform admissions and discharges, order blood products, dietary, home health, physical therapy and hospice care, give verbal instructions if allowed by health care facilities regulations, carry out the methadone treatment (methadone treatment order must be made by the physician). Pennsylvania defined collaboration agreement must include all the parties (CRNP, collaborating physician and alternate physician who will grant cooperation for up to 30 days, if the collaborating physician is not accessible). It categorizes practice boundaries, states types of drugs which CRNP can order, and states frequency with which the collaborating physician is required to see the patients with (depending on type and condition of the patient, ongoing or new treatment plans). The collaboration agreement has to be kept â€Å"at the primary practice location of the CRPN†. A copy of the agreement has to be reported to the Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs. It has to detail the sum of the liability insurance carried by CRNP and be available for examination at any time and be updated when there are changed made to collaboration agreement. New Jersey law also specifies what â€Å"joint protocol† should include: written agreement between nurse and physician addressing practice, recordkeeping, medication prescribing, methods of communication, conditions requiring consultation, periodic review of charts and accessibility of other physician in case of necessary coverage. New Jersey requires annual review of contract; it does not however clearly define time period for alternative physician collaboration. Palliative care The APN is a key participant in healthcare team to deliver a quality, evidence-based palliative interventions to patients who are living with advanced illnesses. They are legible for federal, state and third party reimbursement as long as they are ANCC-certified in specialty area, regardless of setting (rural, underserved, urban, etc). Pennsylvania as well as New Jersey widely uses APNs within palliative and life limiting illness care. Hospital privileges Hospital privileges describe the process of credentialing. During this process an assembled group of physicians will assess education, training and experience of Advanced Practice Nurse and make decision whether to allow privileges and the extend of privileges granted. Pennsylvania Department of Health authorizes hospitals to define the level of clinical privileges, but it allows Advance Practice Nurses to admit and discharge patients from hospitals. New Jersey Nurse Practitioners are also legally allowed to admit patients and obtain hospital privileges, but the authorization is not within the legal statue (The Nurse Practitioner, 2012). Privileges are given through process within each healthcare organization and do not include discharge permission. At present, there are attempts to change the language to â€Å"ensure that all practitioners are granted clinical privileges†¦including voting rights and full due process†( NJSNA, 2011) and allow the hospitals to use APNs to their full capability. Summary As noted, Pennsylvania and New Jersey laws address and regulate advance nurses’ practice within their state limits and, with some differences, assure that practitioners provide care in the parameters and safety requirements. Many states continue to change and modify their Advance Practice Nurse regulations and the practitioners must maintain their vigilance and awareness of changing laws in order to comply with regulations and provide high standards of care.

Reasons for Legalizing Marijuana essays

Reasons for Legalizing Marijuana essays One question that has troubled Americans for a long time is: "Should the use of marijuana be legalized?" Some say yes, while others say, no. According to the Merriam-Webster's dictionary, marijuana is defined as "the dried leaves and flowering tops of the pistillate hemp plant that yield THC and are smoked in cigarettes for their intoxicating effect" (Merriam Webster 1). Owning marijuana has been a crime since 1937 when Congress passed the Marijuana Tax Act. However, the drug was still frequently used. Here we are years later, still without an agreeable answer to the question. Legalizing the use of marijuana would have many medical benefits, economical benefits, and would decrease the incidence of crime. There are others who disagree. These people feel that legalization would lead to the formation of other habits and to health problems, such as, the use of a harsher drug and to psychological and personality problems that can come from using marijuana. These individuals feel that the negatives of marijuana use far outweigh the positives, and feel that the use of marijuana should remain illegal. To some people, marijuana is considered a "gateway" drug. Legalizing marijuana would lead to the use of other, much more harsh drugs. From the book Drugs, Teens, and Recovery, Lauren, a teenager that got mixed up in drugs describes how she got involved with marijuana, then with cocaine. She says, "I was ten, in the fifth grade, the first time I smoked pot. I liked pot a lot better than drinking because it was easier. I loved it. Pot and alcohol, that's all I needed. I didn't want to get into anything else". She continues, "About this time, I started getting obsessed with cocaine and thinking about what the high would be like". Just like Lauren people can start off with just smoking marijuana but they would get the urge to try something a little bit stronger (Cheney, 46). Marijuana usage has many medical benefits. It becam...

Electronic Medical Records

Electronic Medical Records Free Online Research Papers â€Å"The most amazing thing about 21st century medicine is that it’s held together by 19th century paperwork,† Thompson said. â€Å"Health information technology promises huge benefits, and we need to move quickly across many fronts to capture these benefits.† (Still, 2005) In today’s world of technology, things sometimes seem a little crazy and out of control. And I’ll be the first to admit that when it comes to technology and all its advances and gidgets and gadgets, I hesitate. But after doing research on electronic medical records (EMR), there isn’t much reason to hesitate. In the next few pages, I will be touching base on some very beneficial factors relating to electronic medical records. Let’s start with time. Electronic medical records will save time. The average provider spends between 50-70% of their time documenting. Detailed notes can take 5-7 minutes per patient and with electronic medical records it takes 2-4 minutes (Electronic Medical Records Benefits). Electronic medical records save lives. Studies show that doctors and hospitals with access to electronic records have significantly fewer deaths attributed to medical error (Ideas Changing the World, 2008). Up to 10% facility orders and 15% pharmacy prescriptions are illegible resulting in up to 150 million clarification calls to pharmacists and prescribers (Electronic Medical Records Benefits). â€Å"Doctors are straight-A students in virtually every subject taught in school-except handwriting.† (Still, 2005) The safety alerts, built into many electronic medical record systems, may draw attention to life-threatening situations. Or with electronic medical records, doctors are alerted instantly to any potentially dangerous medical interactions or conditions of a patient (Maine, 2009). Medication errors in nursing homes are underestimated and cause 98,000 healthcare deaths each year. Electronic medical record software prevents medication errors occurring when clinicians adjus t medications without a current medication list or based on incomplete, outdated or inaccurate patient information (Electronic Medical Records Benefits). Electronic medical records can also enable the study of data from an entire population in ways not previously possible: allowing conditions to be analyzed to determine what treatments work and what do not, finding patterns of care that are more effective, and defining the cost-effectiveness of various techniques and approaches for optimal care. By being able to track larger amounts of data that ever before, medical teams can track vital information and data without the need for costly and time-consuming voluntary studies. Lives might be saved by following and analyzing diagnosis and treatment across a large group of patients and new solutions could be discovered through new found research (Maine, 2009). Electronic medical records are portable. Participants will have access to their medical records wherever they go (Ideas Changing the World, 2008). Not only are they portable to patients, but to doctors as well. Doctors can look up a patient’s medical history, allergies, medications etc. anywhere in the world, allowing better care if the patient gets sick or is unconscious away from home (McCoppin, 2009). Without linked records, specialists may not know about existing conditions that could alter your prognosis, or may not notice when you’ve missed an important diagnostic test (Blue, 2009). As you can see, there are many benefits to electronic medical records and I just touched on a few of them. As in everything, there are cons to EMR, also, but when you look at the big picture, the pros outweigh the cons. Blue, L. (2009, August 7). Electronic records can save lives. Retrieved January 28, 2010, from Time Inc.: www.wellness.blogs.time.com Electronic Medical Records Benefits. (n.d.). Retrieved January 28, 2010, from SEA-EMR: www.sea-emr.com Ideas Changing the World. (2008, June 12). Retrieved January 28, 2010, from National Center For Policy Analysis: www.ncpa.org Maine, D. (2009). Electronic Medical Records May Save Lives. Retrieved January 28, 2010, from Article Banker: www.articlebanker.com McCoppin, R. (2009, April 13). Electronic health records can save lives, threaten privacy. Retrieved January 28, 2010, from Daily Herald: www.dailyherald.com Still, T. (2005, February 8). Electronic health records cab save lives and improve medical care. Retrieved January 28, 2010, from WTN News: www.wisetechnology.com Research Papers on Electronic Medical RecordsThe Fifth HorsemanLifes What IfsGenetic EngineeringTwilight of the UAWIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Financial Management and Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Financial Management and Analysis - Assignment Example Their urgency to get the capital required – the more time a company spends while trying to come up with the capital required, the lesser the cost incurred by the company. It would however, have to incur a higher cost if it needed the money very quickly. In the case, the owners of Biz Systems Consultants Ltd need to embrace the likelihood of incurring a higher cost to get the funds needed The least expensive option – the company should determine the cost of finance in regards to the amount of money it will need to part with in order to secure the amount requested. The company has to decrease the typical cost (interest) by looking for a source of money that offers the least interest rate on the borrowed amount. The level of risk involved in the investment project – in the case of mutually exclusive projects, the company has to evaluate the projects to determine the project with the best chance of leading to a profit. The owners of Biz Systems Consultants Ltd need to realize that their potential sources of finance will require some sort of guarantee that their return on investment. How long the company needs the capital - a serious company should identify whether the capital required is for a long or short-term project. Biz Systems Consultants Ltd has a project that is both long and short term and therefore the project management team needs to decide the sources of finance that will be most appropriate for their project. (Crundwell,2008). There are three popular decision making techniques: The first one is the Net Present Value, the second one is the internal rate of return and lastly, the payback Period technique. There however are, variations of these three most popular bring rise to the existence many lesser-used techniques. A company like Biz Systems Consultants Ltd has several projects and should measure each ones potential in relation to these three principles in order to make a comparison and choose the best

Computer Science and Information Technology in HR Department of an Research Paper

Computer Science and Information Technology in HR Department of an Organization - Research Paper Example This paper illustrates that computer science designates the mathematical, as well as scientific, approach in computing. There has been an increasing acknowledgment that the power of information technology and computing should be, and can be, enlarged beyond its conventional user base, to reach out to citizens, who up till now have not had admittance to such technology. At the present time business world is enduring a vast change. So, the use of Computer science and Information technology in the organizations department helps to solve the problems, as well as to improve the better communication skill of the various departments. Here the research proposal talks about Computer Science and Information Technology in HR department of an organization. Computer science and Information technology are expected to develop the overall performance of HRM by shifting its focus from management or personnel management to strategic HRM. HR information technology is fundamental for organizations to ad minister their benefits plans and their worker information. It will help to solve the problems and improve communication skill in the particular department. â€Å"Computer Science† is the mixture and application of â€Å"Applied Mathematics†, â€Å"Electrical Engineering†, and â€Å"Complexity Theory/Algorithms† to understand and/or model information. In other words, it is the â€Å"field of computation† â€Å"Information Technology† is the mixture and application of â€Å"Programming†, â€Å"Hardware Administration†, â€Å"Software Administration†, â€Å"Networking†, â€Å"Network Security† and â€Å"Technical Support†. ... In other words, it is the â€Å"management of computers† (Abhishek 2012). Computer science and Information technology in the HR department of the organization must be reasonable, available, and significant. The quick and extensive use of information technology and computers has created a need for extremely trained employees, proficient in different job functions. The most considerable alteration is that the professionals in the HR department at the present focus more on company strategic question from a â€Å"human resource† facet through the top level managers of the organizations rather than only dealing with personnel management. So, the use of Computer science and Information technology in HR department of the organization is extremely helpful to solve the various problems, as well as improve the communication in overall departments. Meanwhile, division of the HR jobs, such as routine management and management performance, are decentralized to line managers. In cont rast, these days, organizations are thirsty for the Computer sciences and IT to decrease cost, develop service, and accomplish effectiveness. To make known the adding value of Computer sciences and IT application in HR department of the organization, it is essential to elucidate how IT can advocate the various functions of the HR department, for example, communication/problem solving. Critical Review of Relevant Literature/Review of Current Systems: The application of IT and computer science in human resource department has been built up since 1990s, the influence of IT on HRM are lengthening over years (Florkowski, Lujan 2006). Its capability of contributing to the whole performance of company, as well as

The Fire Department Strategic Plan for 2009-2013 Essay Example for Free

The Fire Department Strategic Plan for 2009-2013 Essay Firemen – these are the people whose functions we often take for granted. However, the role of fire departments in communities is of paramount importance. It is in the hands of the firemen where the security and the safety of the people lye. Thus, providing for the needs of the fire department ought to be listed at the agendas of the government. The government must make sure that the community fire department is working at their prime by providing for all of their needs. In addition to that, the government must also be able to deal with, and meet the future demands of the fire department for them to be able to keep up with the times. With that said, I propose for a strategic plan for the advancement of the local fire department. My proposal mainly encompasses the provision of equipments for the fire department so that their objectives of serving their people can be met. The fire department strategic plan for 2009-2013 How could a fire department function properly without their main weapon – the fire truck? Thus, the government must be able to provide for, not only a working and functioning fire truck, but also one that can sustain the vigorous demands of the firemen. The number of fire trucks within the fire department must also be ample and sufficient in number so that the firemen can respond to their community’s call for help smoothly whenever the need arises. Providing for a working and sufficient fire truck can help the fire department do their function orderly and properly. Corollary to the provision of fire trucks, provision of equipments for the firemen must also be addressed. Equipments and gears such as the basic yet very essential fireproof coats, gloves, fire retardant helmets, foot wears, and goggles to name a few must be sufficiently provided for. Worn out gears and equipments must also be immediately replaced and restocked. In addition, other gears such as, binoculars, flashlights, axes, high power cutters and drills, or even compasses must also be provided for. These equipments can greatly help the local fire department in servicing the people. Ample provision of these gears can provide for the quality performance of the firemen in overcoming the drawbacks of narrow buildings, illegal constructions, basement fires, and in combating chemical and hazardous fires in the city and other neighboring areas. (http://www. hindu. com/2005/05/20/stories/2005052012780400. htm) Thus, the goals and objectives of the community fire department can consequently be met. The provisions that I have stated above are the fundamental tools a fireman must have. To boot, communication equipments are equally essential for the orderly functioning of the local fire department. Communication and other electronic apparatuses such as telephones and or other wireless phones, and computers at the fire department must be provided for efficient communication. These communication equipments must be in adequate quantity to assure the easy contact and access of the people to their fire department. GPS should also be placed inside fire trucks so that the firemen can know the fastest access to a site of casualty. Thus, these gears can provide for a well-organized functioning of the community fire department. To quote G. C. Mishra, a senior official at the Delhi Fire Service (DFS): Another area which has been of interest to us is the development of communication equipments which would include computerization of fire control room that will also act as an information centre. Any call being made to this place would be recorded and firemen would be given information about the special risks in the area where the fire has occurred including the layout, the kind of fire and will also run a check on any hazardous material that the men will need to look out for. It would also tell the official about the nearest fire station, cutting down the travel and response time (http://www. hindu. com/2005/05/20/stories/2005052012780400. htm) Included in my proposal for a strategic development for the local fire department is the construction of newer and more up-to-date fire houses. These contemporary fire departments would serve as the home base of the firemen. Since this is the place where the firemen would be receiving the calls for help from the people, then a fire house that can keep up with the rigorous activities of the firemen must be properly addressed. This too must meet the standards for safety and protection from hazardous casualties so as not to impede the orderly function of the department. The fire house must have adequate allocation of spaces reserved for specific functions such as an office for the department containing up-to-date equipments which I have also mentioned above. My last proposal is none other than for the firemen themselves, addressing the demands of these personnel. These firemen must have the just treatments that are rightfully accord to them. A job as risky as firefighting, people working as firemen must be accorded with remunerations and benefits such as in health – free hospitalization and the like. To quote Mr. G. C. Mishra, a DFS senior official: Our data from 2004 has shown that we have lost 10 men to various accidents. Fire-fighting is a high-tension job. Besides the obvious dangers it is also very stressful with the men suffering from exhaustion and severe health problems after every major fire†¦ (http://www. hindu. com/2005/05/20/stories/2005052012780400. htm) Closing The proposals that I have mentioned is a testament to the fact that there is a need to update fire fighting methods and equipments not just for the security and protection of a community, but also to improve the working capability of the community fire department. Reference: 1. The Hindu. New Delhi: Fire Service goes hi-tech. Retrieved from website: http://www. hindu. com/2005/05/20/stories/2005052012780400. htm

brief comment on the call of the wild :: essays research papers

Mystic journey to the wildness ------ Book report of The call of the wild T he call of the wild is, Jack London's classic 1903 story of Buck, a courageous dog fighting for survival in the Alaskan wilderness, is widely considered to be his masterpiece. Sometimes wrongly considered simply a children's novel, this epic vividly evokes the harsh and frozen Yukon during the Gold Rush. As Buck is ripped from his pampered surroundings and shipped to Alaska to be a sled dog, his primitive, wolflike nature begins to emerge. Savage struggles and timeless bonds between man, dog, and wilderness are played to their heartrending extremes, as Buck undertakes a mystic journey that transforms him into the legendary "Ghost Dog" of the Klondike. Above all, I consider it one of the best and fascinating books I’ve ever read. Summery of the book: Buck is a privileged, dignified dog who is taken from his southern Californian home and shipped to Alaska during the 1890's Gold Rush. Along the way, Buck is mistreated by a series of owners, and he learns to survive as a member of a dog sled team. As a result, Buck soon realizes that in these more primitive settings, "the law of club and fang" overrides the rules of civilized society. With each new experience Buck regresses, or reverts to a more primitive state. Finally, an experience of loss challenges Buck's last ties to civilization. Thoughts after reading: Having read the book, I was lost deep in meditation. I began to think all sorts of questions about the main character----Buck. His fightings and struggles against both the exterior severe natural environment and the interior instinct tied with the call of the wild, constructed the main frames of the story. During the processes of receding from the civilized world to the wildness, Buck experienced cruelty and brutality. And in this competitive world, in order to survive, he must adapt to it. He became more swift, more cunning, and spontaneous. As a dog, Buck has his own characters, psyches, emotions and thoughts, he accomplished his conquer not only through strength but also wisdom. Consequently, I was extremely fascinated and charmed by him. To some extent, what was written in the story does have their reflections in the reality. There are certainly cruel competitions in the current society, in order to achieve one’s long-dreamed aims, one also have to fight bloodily. However Buck’s courage, striving, patience and persistence inspired me.

Marital Rape

Marital Rape When she says NO, it's rape†¦ even when she's married to him Every woman has the right to control her own body and to make decisions about having sex, using birth control, becoming pregnant and having children. She does not lose these rights if she marries. These quotes were taken from Stopping Sexual Assault in Marriage published by the Center for Constitutional Rights Much of the attention that has been given to marital rape has emerged from the legal community. This has occurred because throughout the history of most societies, it has been acceptable for men to force their wives to have sex against their will. The traditional definition of rape in the United States most commonly was, sexual intercourse with a female not his wife without her consent Many have argued, this provided husbands with an exemption from prosecution for raping their wives-a license to rape. The foundation of this exemption can be traced back to statements made by Sir Matthew Hale, Chief Justice in 17th century England. Hale wrote, The husband cannot be guilty of a rape committed by himself upon his lawful wife, for by their mutual matrimonial consent and contract, the wife hath given herself in kind unto the husband which she cannot retract. This established the notion that once married, a woman does not have the right to refuse sex with her husband. This rationale remained largely unchallenged until the 1970's when some members of the women's movement argued for the elimination of the spousal exemption because it failed to provide equal protection from rape to all women Approximately 10-14% of married women are raped by their husbands in the United States. In the city of Charlotte, the statistics are rising every year. The following statistics reflect ONLY those spousal rapes that were reported. Keep in mind that most married women do not know about the spousal rape laws. In 1997 the statistics were 1%, 1998, 1. 1% and in 1999 1. 8%. Historically, most rape statutes red that rape was forced sexual intercourse with a woman not your wife, thus granting husbands a license to rape. On July 5, 1993, marital rape became a crime in all 50 states, under at least one section of the sexual offense codes. The definition of sexual assault of a spouse as defined in the North Carolina Code is as follows: A person is guilty of sexual assault of a spouse when that person engages in sexual intercourse or sexual intrusion with his or her spouse without the consent of the spouse and: 1. The lack of consent results from forcible compulsion; or 2. The offender afflicts serious bodily injury upon his or her spouse; or 3. The offender uses a deadly weapon in the commission of the offense. Any person who violates the above provisions shall be guilty of a felony, and, upon conviction, shall be: 1.  Imprisoned in the penitentiary between 2 and 10 years; or 2. Imprisoned in the penitentiary between 2 and 10 years and fined no more than $5,000 In 17 states and the District of Columbia, there are no exemptions from rape prosecution granted to husbands. However, in 33 states, there are still some exemptions given to husbands from rape prosecution. When his wife is most vulnerable (such as, she is mentally or physically impaired, unconscious, asleep, etc. ) and is unable to consent, a husband is exempt from prosecution in many of these 33 states. Women who are raped by their husbands are likely to be raped many times. They experience not only vaginal rape, but also oral and anal rape. Researchers generally categorize marital rape into three types: Force-only rape: This is when husbands uses only the amount of force necessary to coerce their wives. Battering rape: Husbands rape and batter their wives. The battering may happen concurrently or before or after the sexual assault. Sadistic /obsessive rape: Husbands use torture or perverse sexual acts. Pornography is often involved. Women are at particularly high risk for being raped by their partners under the following circumstances: Women married to domineering men who view them as property Women who are in physically violent relationships Women who are pregnant Women who are ill or recovering from surgery Women who are separated or divorced It is a myth that marital rape is less serious than other forms of sexual violence. There are many physical and emotional consequences that may accompany marital rape. Physical effects include injuries to the vaginal and anal areas, lasserations, soreness, bruising, torn muscles, fatigue, and vomiting. Women who are battered and raped frequently suffer from broken bones, black eyes, bloody noses and knife wounds. Gy ne co logical effects include vaginal stretching, miscarriages, stillbirths, bladder infections, sexually transmitted diseases, and infertility. Short-term psychological effects include Post Traumatic Shock Syndrome, anxiety, shock, intense fear, depression and thoughts of suicide. Long-term psychological effects include disordered sleeping, disordered eating, depression, intimacy problems, negative self-images, and sexual dysfunction. Research indicates a lack of responsiveness to marital rape survivors on behalf of service providers – particularly police officers, religious leaders, rape crisis counselors, and battered women's advocates. There is a need for those who come into contact with marital rape survivors to comprehensively address this problem and provide resources, information and support to survivors. In conclusion, despite the fact that marital rape has not been criminalized for long in the United States, it is clearly a serious form of violence against women and worthy of public attention. Marital rape may be even more traumatic than rape by a stranger because a wife lives with her assailant and she may live in constant terror of another assault whether she is awake or asleep. Given the serious effects, there is clearly a need for those who come into contact with marital rape survivors to provide assistance and challenge the prevailing myth that rape by one's spouse is inconsequential. Rape crisis counselors and advocates for battered women are in particularly important leadership positions to address the problem of marital rape in society and to assist survivors of this form of violence. More research on the effects of marital rape, particularly for pregnant women and the children who witness the sexual violence is necessary. Additionally, researchers should investigate the motivations for why men rape their wives and address prevention and treatment strategies. Women who need assistance should contact their local rape crisis center or battered women's shelter. Be forewarned that many rape crisis center and shelters may not have services specifically designed for survivors of wife rape.

Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets Essay

The Standard This standard distinguishes between provisions and contingent liabilities. A provision is included in the statement of financial position at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation at the end of the reporting period. A contingent liability is not recognised in the statement of financial position. However, unless the possibility of an outflow of economic resources is remote, a contingent liability is disclosed in the notes. Provisions A provision is a liability of uncertain timing or amount. A liability may be a legal obligation or a constructive obligation. A constructive obligation arises from the entity’s actions, through which it has indicated to others that it will accept certain responsibilities, and as a result has created an expectation that it will discharge those responsibilities. Examples of provisions may include warranty obligations; legal or constructive obligations to clean up contaminated land or restore facilities; and a retailer’s policy to refund customers. A provision is measured at the amount that the entity would rationally pay to settle the obligation at the end of the reporting period or to transfer it to a third party at that time. Risks and uncertainties are taken into account in the measurement of a provision. A provision is discounted to its present value. FRS 37 elaborates on the application of the recognition and measurement requirements for three specific cases: †¢ Future operating losses – A provision cannot be recognised because there is no obligation at the end of the reporting period. †¢ An onerous contract gives rise to a provision. †¢ A provision for restructuring costs is recognised only when the entity has a constructive obligation – the main features of the detailed restructuring plan have been announced to those affected by it. Contingent Liabilities Contingent liabilities are possible obligations whose existence will be confirmed by uncertain future events that are not wholly within the control of the entity. Contingent liabilities also include obligations that are not recognised because their amount cannot be measured reliably or settlement is not probable. An example of a contingent liability is litigation against the entity when the occurrence of any wrongdoing by the entity is uncertain. Contingent Assets Contingent assets are possible assets the existence of which will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of uncertain future events that are not wholly within control of the entity. Contingent assets are not recognised in the statement of financial position. Contingent assets are disclosed when it is more likely than not that an inflow of benefits will occur. However, when the inflow of benefits is virtually certain an asset is recognised in the statement of financial position, because that asset is no longer considered to be contingent. Business Implications FRS 37 restricts the circumstances in which a provision can be recognised. It does not allow a provision to be created for the possibility of something occurring in future. There must be a present obligation (a liability) at the end of the reporting period. Although provisions are not recognised for future operating losses, the expectation of future operating losses triggers an impairment test of the operation’s asset. The impairment test may result in the recognition of an impairment loss. Furthermore, the present obligation under an onerous contract is recognised and measured as a provision. The measurement of a provision requires judgment about the amount, timing and risks of the cash flows required to settle the obligation. Caution is needed in making judgment under conditions of uncertainty. However, uncertainty does not justify the creation of excessive provisions.

Free Essays on Waking Dream

Waking the American Dream America has always stood as a land of freedom, liberty, and an escape from persecution for all. The Statue of Liberty welcomes immigrants with â€Å"Give us your tired, your hungry, and your poor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Furthermore, America is seen as a melting pot yet not everyone mixes together completely and with unrest in the Middle East even less so. Sarah Jones solo performance in Waking the American Dream was inventive and comical. The central concept was a look at the discrimination of different ethnic groups especially immigrants. Her costumes portrayed the lives of different ethnicities that immigrated to America with high hopes. Jones shows immigrant rights in present day America with the use of a New York poetry gathering as the story line. There are more than ten separate characters of different cultural backgrounds displayed. The one common thread in all of them is their citizenship in America however, for many it means more to them then anyone else. Jones costumes show the discrimination of ethnic groups because of their accents and dress. In a similar fashion to da da kamera, she makes an effective use of jackets as her one costume change. The separate jackets symbolize the different ethnic groups that are discriminated against. For example, the Pakistani host Mohammed Ali wears a tweed jacket and the young American girl Lydia wears a white jacket. Both jackets are symbolic of the owner’s skin color which supports the central concept of different ethnic backgrounds. As a director Jones was trying to create a comical undertone to relay the more serious stories of the American immigrants. She effectively plays on the stereotypes of race to draw the audience in and then adds a comedic twist. In this way she adds lightheartedness to the concept of racial discrimination. It certainly was effective in making me and the rest of the audience laugh proving that she has a definite comedic talent for impe... Free Essays on Waking Dream Free Essays on Waking Dream Waking the American Dream America has always stood as a land of freedom, liberty, and an escape from persecution for all. The Statue of Liberty welcomes immigrants with â€Å"Give us your tired, your hungry, and your poor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Furthermore, America is seen as a melting pot yet not everyone mixes together completely and with unrest in the Middle East even less so. Sarah Jones solo performance in Waking the American Dream was inventive and comical. The central concept was a look at the discrimination of different ethnic groups especially immigrants. Her costumes portrayed the lives of different ethnicities that immigrated to America with high hopes. Jones shows immigrant rights in present day America with the use of a New York poetry gathering as the story line. There are more than ten separate characters of different cultural backgrounds displayed. The one common thread in all of them is their citizenship in America however, for many it means more to them then anyone else. Jones costumes show the discrimination of ethnic groups because of their accents and dress. In a similar fashion to da da kamera, she makes an effective use of jackets as her one costume change. The separate jackets symbolize the different ethnic groups that are discriminated against. For example, the Pakistani host Mohammed Ali wears a tweed jacket and the young American girl Lydia wears a white jacket. Both jackets are symbolic of the owner’s skin color which supports the central concept of different ethnic backgrounds. As a director Jones was trying to create a comical undertone to relay the more serious stories of the American immigrants. She effectively plays on the stereotypes of race to draw the audience in and then adds a comedic twist. In this way she adds lightheartedness to the concept of racial discrimination. It certainly was effective in making me and the rest of the audience laugh proving that she has a definite comedic talent for impe...

Free Essays on Men And Women In The Work Place

that our forefathers wrote in the Declaration of Independence, â€Å"that all men were created equal,† held little value. Human equality was far from a reality. If you were not born of white male decent, than that phrase did not apply to you. During this period many great leaders and reformers emerged, fighting both for the rights of African Americans and for the rights of women. Three institutions where the women’s movement has become part of the workings of that institution is the church, military, and corporate world. Women have fought along time to be where they are at right now in this world. The once male dominated, corporate, "white collar" America has seen a phenomenal influx of women within the last thirty years. Although a female lawyer, physician, or CEO is no longer considered a rarity in our times, women still face quite a deal of oppression in comparison to their male counterparts. In certain situation women have always controlled some professions, and men have not made a noticeable advance in these fields. In 1970, finding a female lawyer to represent you would be a difficult task, since less than five percent of the profession were women. Today, that number has risen to almost thirty percent. The percentage of female doctors has almost tripled in the course of thirty years. Women have made a tremendous impact on the corporate world. One may wonder how did women make these extraordinary advances? For the most part, it is due to the education they receive. At the present time young girls are encouraged to enroll in classes dealing with math and science, rather than home economics and typing. As pointed out by Nanette Asimov, in her essay "Fewer Teen Girls Enrolling in Technology Classes", school officials are advocating the necessity of advanced placement, and honor classes for teenage girls, in both the arts and sciences. This support and reassurance than carries over onto college,... Free Essays on Men And Women In The Work Place Free Essays on Men And Women In The Work Place In the nineteenth century, the words that our forefathers wrote in the Declaration of Independence, â€Å"that all men were created equal,† held little value. Human equality was far from a reality. If you were not born of white male decent, than that phrase did not apply to you. During this period many great leaders and reformers emerged, fighting both for the rights of African Americans and for the rights of women. Three institutions where the women’s movement has become part of the workings of that institution is the church, military, and corporate world. Women have fought along time to be where they are at right now in this world. The once male dominated, corporate, "white collar" America has seen a phenomenal influx of women within the last thirty years. Although a female lawyer, physician, or CEO is no longer considered a rarity in our times, women still face quite a deal of oppression in comparison to their male counterparts. In certain situation women have always controlled some professions, and men have not made a noticeable advance in these fields. In 1970, finding a female lawyer to represent you would be a difficult task, since less than five percent of the profession were women. Today, that number has risen to almost thirty percent. The percentage of female doctors has almost tripled in the course of thirty years. Women have made a tremendous impact on the corporate world. One may wonder how did women make these extraordinary advances? For the most part, it is due to the education they receive. At the present time young girls are encouraged to enroll in classes dealing with math and science, rather than home economics and typing. As pointed out by Nanette Asimov, in her essay "Fewer Teen Girls Enrolling in Technology Classes", school officials are advocating the necessity of advanced placement, and honor classes for teenage girls, in both the arts and sciences. This support and reassurance than carries over onto college,...

Capter one question and chapter 6 Case Study (International Business) Essay

Capter one question and chapter 6 Case Study (International Business) - Essay Example These ventures are also subject to restrictions that are not found locally. You can expect to face four different types of risk during this proposed expansion. Cultural risks include unfamiliar ethics and negotiation styles, while commercial risks come from potentially weak international partners, as well as increased operational costs. Additional threats come from currency differences, and country risks that are closely tied to the national political system of each participating nation. I hope that you will research these factors prior to launching an international campaign. I am certain that you will come to understand the importance of altered strategy in international business endeavors, at which time I would be happy to offer further assistance should you desire. The assigned case presents the factors that have allowed Hyundai to become a leading force in the international automobile industry. They are introduced as one of the few auto businesses to maintain profits during the global financial crisis of the late 2000s. Several suggestions are offered to explain the success. The company benefits from local influences like the availability of skilled labor for low costs, and the advantage of a weak domestic currency that made international customers interested in their products. Demanding South Korean consumers also inspired a highly competitive local market that requires consistently high quality, exceptional customer experience, and regular innovations in order to compete. These standards contributed to the original success of Hyundai entering foreign markets. Another important influence is global integration achieved through diversifying the locations of operations, though this also presents the threat of excess capacity. Hyundai`s success is ultimately attributed to their determination to remain committed to growth despite external financial crises. 1. The local population provides

Response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Response - Assignment Example However, Darrel uses it in the modern world to express emotions. For instance, the artist uses different textures and fabrics to express different emotions. According to the artist, the textures of a fabric affect people’s brains. By looking at the grains and length of stitches, one can imagine the texture of the fabrics. People are able to tell the texture of fabrics because of their usage of textile since the old times. In addition, Diana got his mixed media idea from the old art ideas of the 18th and 19th centuries. Girls in those times stitched words on pieces of fabrics. Diana borrowed this idea in combining paintings and graphic design. Currently, the concept of mixed media is used by many professional artists in various art forms such as collage and card making. The old mixed media ideas have also been applied in other forms of modern arts such as the multimedia art that combines audio and other non-visual elements

Analysis and Application_Unit 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis and Application_Unit 5 - Essay Example The method has little freedom for flexibility because of the fixed question order. Thus, individuals may feel that the responses they have given do not fit any of the selected answers (Oatey, 1999). Close-ended questions are types of questions that limit the answers of the respondents to the survey. The participants are permitted to select from a pre-existing collection of dichotomous answers, (such as true/false or yes/no), or ranking scale response choices or multiple choice with options for â€Å"other† to be completed. On the other hand, open-ended questions are forms of questions that do not offer the respondents answers to select from, but instead, the questions are phrased such that the respondents are motivated to elaborate their reactions and answers to the questions with a paragraph or a sentence depending on the survey (Colorado State University, 2012). In this survey, close-ended questions were used, and they included questions such as â€Å"Does your (mother) (father) know who you are with when you are away from home? The response categories were usually, sometimes, or never (3, 2, 1, respectively)† (Jou, Levine, and Singer, 1993). The survey results offered a mixed support for the hypothesis made for the interactive impacts of heavy metal preference. Most of the hypotheses made in the survey were supported, and it was only in one hypothesis that support was little. The researchers found little support for their subcultural hypothesis. This indicates that the methods and approaches used in the survey were valid (Jou, Levine, and Singer, 1993). The questions concerning parental attachment and control were effective. This is because they gave information concerning the link between delinquency, and parental control and attachment. For instance, it was found that the rates of delinquency decreased where there was more control that is parental. However, concerning

The Importance of National Belonging in the Development of Nation States Essay Example for Free

The Importance of National Belonging in the Development of Nation States Essay Prior to the late 19th Century Europe consisted of many small states that lacked a sense of unity. The sentiment stirred up in the wake of the French Revolution; the idea of a sovereign people with natural rights and equality appeared attractive to many of these nations. Around this time Europe saw the emergence of Nation States encompassing a people who had a shared history, culture, language, religion and beliefs. How important this sense of national belonging was is something we shall explore by looking at events in such places as Germany, Italy and France. We will decide whether it was patriotism or other factors such as warfare and the rise of industry which had the biggest parts to play on the European stage. Above we have just described the common factors which contribute to making a nation; find one territory with specific boundaries and borders and fill it with these people and you would in theory have made a nation state. However the idea of national belonging is not quite so black and white, nor so easy an idea to prove. Ernest Renan, a noted theologian seemed to realise that rules about having a shared language or shared religion were simply not realistic when taking into account minority communities and religious toleration. Instead Renan makes allowances that in some areas factors such as these would be contributory but actually in his words ‘A nation is therefore a vast solidarity, constituted by the feeling of sacrifice one has made in the past and of those that one is prepared to make in the future. Renan continues stating that it is ‘the clearly expressed desire to pursue a common life. ’ This swing towards nationalism was sparked in part by the cultural movement which followed the Enlightenment period and was known as Romanticism. An era when poetry, music and art were increasingly used to influence the nation, the movement supported ideas such as the importance of national pride giving precedence to ‘senses and emotion over reason and intellect. German artist Caspar David Friedrich captured this sentiment in his painting The Oak Tree in Snow which depicted a barren tree with new life springing from the roots symbolising a lost past with the promise of future new growth. This was particularly poignant as the Oak Tree was a symbol for German national sentiment. Similarly in Italy the poet Ugo Foscolo wrote ‘How thou art humiliated by foreigners who have the presumption to seek to master thee! But who can depict thee better than he who is destined to see hy beauty all his life long? ’ Foscolo’s argued that tourists could not appreciate the greatness of his country, only those who could share in its history can take possession of the pride that accompanies the honour of being Italian. These two examples are interesting because at the time of their publication no Germany or Italy as we know them today yet existed so this at least proves that in the minds of those living by Romanticism values at least thought that national sentiment was desperately important. In addition to the evidence of Romanticism championing the unification cause Germany and Italy shared some other similarities. Firstly, and perhaps most obviously we can tell from studying a ‘before and after’ map. In 1815 Italy was a collection of many smaller states some of which we know were controlled by the Austrian empire and Germany is a jigsaw of German speaking states. However by 1914 clear boundaries had been drawn and both territories are much more obviously defined. Also both countries contained several nationalist activist groups, some public, some as secret societies who all had the same aim of achieving unity but for different reasons and with variations on the end result. In Italy the strength of opinion was such that some organisations were willing to use violence such as in the case of the Carbonari group who proclaimed ‘He alone is worthy of life who loves his country’. Revolutionary group Young Italy was also key in generating public support for the Risorgimento (Resurrection) nationalists. Germany also contained these pressure groups and parties from both countries took part in the rebellions of 1848 and while both had some success, yet another similarity is that both were eventually beaten back in Italy by Austrian intervention and in Germany by the Prussian King Frederick William IV. The revolutions swept across much of Europe leaving thousands dead in the name of unification. This however does not necessarily mean that it was patriotism or an unqualified sense of national belonging that drove them. Other considerations included for businessmen policies for reviving trade, students were concerned about poor job prospects and a lack of social status and peasants wanted an end to the last vestiges remaining of the medieval feudal system. For the peasants at least it is most likely this was their sole motivation as the concept of nationalism would have meant little to them in their daily struggle to feed and clothe their families. Both Germany and Italy appeared to be committed to unification and key figures helped to bring this about. In Germany Gottfried Herder significantly influenced public opinion with his philosophical ideas about human nature. Herder placed huge importance on national language ‘Has a people anything dearer than the speech of its fathers? ’ He goes on to say that the culture of a people ‘thrives only by means of the nation’s inherited and inheritable dialect. ’ This idea is so fundamental to Herder’s beliefs that he says ‘no greater injury can be inflicted on a nation than to be robbed of her national character, the peculiarity of her spirit and her language’. Herder however gives little consequence to the political aspects and it is possible therefore that the changes which inevitably took place in Germany were not due to his romanticism based contributions but this does tell us how strongly he felt about the importance of national sentiment. In Italy it was figures such as Count Camillo di Cavour who propelled the unification forward but his motives were much different from that of Herder. Cavour conspired with Napoleon III of France against the Austrians which resulted in several territories becoming part of Sardinia where Cavour happened to be Prime Minister. Giuseppe Garibaldi was a respected military commander throughout this period of war whose notable success was motivated by his vision of a united Italy. Unification of both countries was hardly plain sailing and problems arose for various reasons. Italy perhaps suffered because the reason for the unification had been more political than sentimental. Massimo d’Azeglio, a pro nationalist is believed to have said ‘We have made Italy, now we have to make Italians. ’ The death of Camillo di Cavour regardless of his motives was described as ‘the architect of national unity’ and his death in 1861 was a definitive blow to the cause. Germany’s problems centralized around regional rivalries with people confused as to whether they first belonged to their region or their country, this was certainly the case with some Bavarians. It has commonly been supposed that all of the events leading to unification of countries such as Germany and Italy and the revolutions that shook Europe were triggered in France by the revolution of 1789-1799 as can be seen in this statement; ‘The French Revolution completed the nation which became one and indivisible’. Many in France had sought an end to an absolute monarchy and what was deemed an autocratic domination by the French government. Instead they hoped for a shift towards modernity where all men would be equal under the law and have no special privileges simply because one happened to be born aristocratic or have an elitist position in society. The end of feudalism and the ‘ancien’ (old) regime gave way to new ideas summarised once more by Ernest Renan ‘It is France’s glory to have proclaimed, through the French Revolution, that a nation exists by itself The principle of nationhood is ours’. It would be reasonable then to suppose that France had enjoyed great success in providing a patriotic example that other countries hoped to follow and yet once again we find resistance and also some contradictions. While some supported unity for political reasons such as in the case of the Leon Gambetta, a French statesman who supported republicanism, he said in a letter to the leader of the Breton armed forces in 1870 ‘I beg you to forget that you are Bretons, and to remember only that you are French. While a novelist later in 1884 remarked ‘the word patrie signifies nothing and stirs nothing. It exists no more in local speech than in local hearts. ’ It is hard to assimilate all the opinions and motivations for why the French either supported or rejected the idea of national belonging but it does seem that the more urbanised areas, under the direction of intellectuals, students and politicians for their own agendas were more in favour of being ‘Frenchmen’ than those who resided in more isolated, rural communities occupied mostly by peasant farmers who wanted peace not war. Peasant farmers in particular were to suffer greatly when we consider how the rise of industry commonly termed as the industrial revolution were to affect national feelings. While the ending of feudalism had allowed some peasantry to buy small patches of land, for others, some who were affected by the enclosure laws could find themselves as landless labourers unable to grow their food or gather fuel from common land. In Britain the Chartism movement of 1839 sought to represent all workers who found themselves in a piteous position uniting opinion against social injustice. We are bowed down under a load of taxes our traders are trembling on the verge of bankruptcy, our workmen are starving, capital brings no profit and labour no remuneration. ’ Chartists and their Parisian counter parts the Artisans identified themselves as socialists. Obviously this was a time of great economic change and awareness of class distinctions at the time of the industrial boom was growing. Karl Marx was a German radical whose notion of Socialism was closely linked to that of Communism which he and his colleague Frederick Engels was active in promoting. Marx was particularly concerned about the struggle of society with relevance to these class distinctions. He highlighted in his ‘The Communist Manifesto’ ‘The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles’ Marx states that the working class (proletariat) and the new middle class (bourgeoisie) are fighting these ‘class struggles’ over the means of production. He claims that the bourgeoisie exploits the proletariat and was motivated by ‘naked self-interest. He goes on to say however that the lower bourgeoisie class will also suffer as the higher middle class overtake them too. ‘Partly because their diminutive capital does not suffice for the scale on which modern industry is carried on their specialised skill is rendered worthless by new methods of production. ’ Marx’s conclusion being that eventually the middle classes and the working class would find themselves in much the same situation and have more in common. This therefore was the significant factor pointing towards nationalism and not the sense of national belonging or sentiment itself. Having considered the factors which were successful in bringing about unification it appears that political reasons had the greater impact. Cavour enjoyed success in Italy through negotiations which involved war and gaining new territory. Herder in Germany relied on sentimental and romanticism theories but Germany encountered difficulties in rallying the nation who were confused about their regional or national identity. Educated French sectors of society were enthusiastic but failed to significantly influence the peasantry while radicals like Marx renounced any importance of the idea of national belonging. Still it is impossible to ignore that there were many individuals such as Foscolo, Friedrich and Garibaldi who shared a united vision of a united country but it is unlikely that their sense of national belonging was the major significant factor in the development of nation states.

Computer Storage: Are memory sticks and disks likely to be obsolete by

In the first quarter of 2012, a German business software firm (SAP) recorded a 10 per cent increase in profits from the previous year of  £478 million from cloud, a method of computer storage (SAP sounds upbeat note as profits continue to rise, 2012). It is clear that methods of storing data on computers have developed rapidly in the past 60 years, from the earliest type of data storage on cylinders to data storage in cloud. The purpose of this essay is to describe this development and show that individual physical memory such as memory sticks and disks are rapidly becoming a thing of the past. By way of background, before the invention of computers, various methods had been used to store and retrieve data. For example, 1725 saw the invention of the ‘punch card’ widely used in looms and in primitive calculating machines. Although this was a significant development in storage, these cards were not made â€Å"general purpose† until 1928. The need to store and retrieve data as one continuous stream and not individual cards brought about the invention of the punch tape in 1846. In 1877, Thomas Edison invented a device known as the ‘Phonograph’. This device recorded sound vibrations on a metal cylinder with a recording needle and played the recordings back when needed. These storage developments served as a background for the development of computer storage. Professor Federick C. Williams and colleague Tom Kilburn developed the first random access computer memory in 1948 known as the ‘Williams-Kilburn tube’. This device allowed for storage of 1024 bits but was later upgraded to 2048 bits. In 1951 the ‘Delay line memory’ was invented. This form of memory consisted of a column of mercury with piezo crystal to aid in the transfer of data. W... ...owstuffworks.com/cloud-computing/cloud-storage.htm on 8 May 2012. - Paul Lilly. (3 February 2009). Computer Data Storage Through the Ages – From Punch Cards to Blu-Ray. Retrieved from http://www.maximumpc.com/article/news/computer_data_storage_through_ages on 8 May 2012. - Pingdom. (8 April 2008). Retrieved from http://royal.pingdom.com/2008/04/08/the-history-of-computer-data-storage-in-pictures/ on 8 May 2012. - Retrieved from http://cs-exhibitions.uni-klu.ac.at/index.php?id=187 on 8 May 2012. - Ryan Nichols (31 August 2010). Cloud computing by the numbers: What do all the statistics mean? Retrieved from http://blogs.computerworld.com/16863/cloud_computing_by_the_numbers_what_do_all_the_statistics_mean on 24 May 2012. - SAP sounds upbeat note as profits continue to rise. (25 April 2012). Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17836653 on 8 May 2012. Computer Storage: Are memory sticks and disks likely to be obsolete by In the first quarter of 2012, a German business software firm (SAP) recorded a 10 per cent increase in profits from the previous year of  £478 million from cloud, a method of computer storage (SAP sounds upbeat note as profits continue to rise, 2012). It is clear that methods of storing data on computers have developed rapidly in the past 60 years, from the earliest type of data storage on cylinders to data storage in cloud. The purpose of this essay is to describe this development and show that individual physical memory such as memory sticks and disks are rapidly becoming a thing of the past. By way of background, before the invention of computers, various methods had been used to store and retrieve data. For example, 1725 saw the invention of the ‘punch card’ widely used in looms and in primitive calculating machines. Although this was a significant development in storage, these cards were not made â€Å"general purpose† until 1928. The need to store and retrieve data as one continuous stream and not individual cards brought about the invention of the punch tape in 1846. In 1877, Thomas Edison invented a device known as the ‘Phonograph’. This device recorded sound vibrations on a metal cylinder with a recording needle and played the recordings back when needed. These storage developments served as a background for the development of computer storage. Professor Federick C. Williams and colleague Tom Kilburn developed the first random access computer memory in 1948 known as the ‘Williams-Kilburn tube’. This device allowed for storage of 1024 bits but was later upgraded to 2048 bits. In 1951 the ‘Delay line memory’ was invented. This form of memory consisted of a column of mercury with piezo crystal to aid in the transfer of data. W... ...owstuffworks.com/cloud-computing/cloud-storage.htm on 8 May 2012. - Paul Lilly. (3 February 2009). Computer Data Storage Through the Ages – From Punch Cards to Blu-Ray. Retrieved from http://www.maximumpc.com/article/news/computer_data_storage_through_ages on 8 May 2012. - Pingdom. (8 April 2008). Retrieved from http://royal.pingdom.com/2008/04/08/the-history-of-computer-data-storage-in-pictures/ on 8 May 2012. - Retrieved from http://cs-exhibitions.uni-klu.ac.at/index.php?id=187 on 8 May 2012. - Ryan Nichols (31 August 2010). Cloud computing by the numbers: What do all the statistics mean? Retrieved from http://blogs.computerworld.com/16863/cloud_computing_by_the_numbers_what_do_all_the_statistics_mean on 24 May 2012. - SAP sounds upbeat note as profits continue to rise. (25 April 2012). Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17836653 on 8 May 2012.